Discovery Space: Next Generation

Yuri's Night: Celebrating Space 'Round the World

Something that the Next Generation blog really shows is that it's a great time to be a student in the space industry.

Even if you don't fit into either of those categories, however, there's still plenty you can do to support the cause and have a great time doing it!

For the past two years, I've served as the director of media relations for Yuri's Night. Ok... now I know you're asking, "What's Yuri's Night?"

Paving the Moon

A couple of years ago, I landed an internship at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. with a mission: to help finish the design, construction and testing of a prototype "dust mitigation vehicle".

I couldn't wait to get started, but I had a few questions -- what exactly is a "dust mitigation vehicle," and why would we need one?

The "why" is pretty surprising. During the Apollo program, lunar dust (or "regolith" as the geologists like to call it) proved to be a significant challenge. Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan even went as far as to say, "I think dust is probably one of our greatest inhibitors to a nominal operation on the moon. I think we can overcome other physiological or physical or mechanical problems except dust."

The fine-grained particles wore through the outer layer of astronauts' spacesuits, caused seals to leak, scratched visors and even affected astronauts' health with breathing issues. Whenever the regolith so much as touched a piece of equipment, astronauts found it nearly impossible to clean.

Those are a just a few reasons why lunar dust is so problematic.

As Ryan mentioned in his September 25th blog entry, it is extremely abrasive, meaning that it is able to scratch most things with which it comes into contact. I suppose I'd compare it to ground-up shards of glass. To make matters worse, the dust is statically charged. If you've ever rubbed a balloon on your head, you can wave the balloon over pepper grains to make them cling to it. Same concept with moon dust, except that instead of pepper the astronaut attracts microscopic, razor-sharp particles.

No surprise, then, that NASA spends a lot of time and resources to find ways to both prevent dust from getting on equipment and to remove it if necessary.

The Dust Mitigation Vehicle (or “DMV”) that I worked on is one of these methods. It's a prototype of a rover that would pave the surface of the Moon. It doesn't use asphalt or concrete, but rather sunlight -- something of which we have a nearly unlimited supply on the moon!

The DMV is essentially a rover with a giant converging lens mounted to it. Ever used a magnifying glass to burn leaves (or even poor, defenseless ants) during the summer? Again, same concept.

The vehicle's lens tightly focuses sunlight on area ahead of the vehicle, causing the regolith to reach temperatures well above 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit -- this heat melts the moon dust into a hard, dust-free surface. Run the DMV long enough, and you can create roads or even landing pads. When astronauts or other rovers travel on these hardened areas, they would no longer kick up dust.

I hope that some day vehicles similar to the DMV traverse the surface of the Moon and build roads as they go. If that doesn’t happen, I suppose I could open my own chemical-free ant extermination business. Either way, working on this project has been personally rewarding -- and a lot of fun.

Brandon Hall is an aerospace engineering undergraduate student at the University of Maryland, College Park. He has conducted research with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center focused primarily on In-Situ Resource Utilization.

Photos: Courtesy of Brandon Hall/NASA

Captions, top to bottom:

• Overseeing DMV operation. I'm using welding goggles to protect my eyes from the intense focused sunlight.
• The Dust Mitigation Vehicle with the large Fresnel lens clearly displayed
• Partially and fully “paved” samples.
• A profile shot of the DMV.

Helping NASA Get a Raise

This May I went to Congress to help NASA get a raise. Perhaps surprisingly, I don't work for the space agency -- and I'm a student.

I've always supported NASA, but had never really made a good list of reasons why. That's when I joined the Citizens for Space Exploration -- a group of small and large businesses, teachers, students, local government employees, and others who believe investing is space exploration is a great idea.

Over the course of four days, 146 people from 29 states visited hundreds of congressional offices to make the case for NASA (my group met with North Carolina and Maryland representatives). When I first heard about their trip to speak with members of Congress, I expected everyone to be part of the space industry. I was wrong. No one in my group of five "citizen taxpayers" had ever worked for NASA.

Our meetings with representatives lasted anywhere from 15 to 45 minutes, during which time we explained the importance of NASA in the future of America and asked for a boost in the space agency's funding. How much, and by when? From 0.6 percent to 1 percent of the national budget by 2013. To get some perspective, look at NASA's funding during the Apollo era -- it received 4 percent of the national budget (almost seven times larger than today's funding situation).

I went on the trip because I've come to understand that NASA validates our role as explorers, has far-reaching educational benefits and creates new technology that ultimately brings us so many things we take for granted. By the end of my congressional visits, I felt like I could convince a total stranger why they should care about NASA.

We are an exploring species. Every elementary school student can tell you about Christopher Columbus' voyage, but few can tell you how the Norsemen found America in 1000 AD -- Columbus simply opened the floodgates to settling the Americas.

Like pre-Columbian explorers, we have visited the moon and now plan to settle it. NASA needs the proper funding to work towards permanent lunar colonies, but is a bit strapped. Imagine if Europeans had decided that it was too expensive to travel across the oceans and settle unknown lands. Now compare that to what future the other planets might hold for us.

To return to and colonize the moon, we need to develop new technologies. For example, moon settlers need to be able to generate their own food supplies and air to breathe on the moon. In the process of researching how to do such things, we push the technological barrier.

For example, the imaging technology used in some telescopes is now used to help detect cancer. My father is an orthodontist and uses brace wires derived from morphing materials researched by NASA. My mother is a physical therapist and uses a machine developed through research conducted on astronauts after they returned to Earth.

Maybe more important than technology spin-offs are the "people spin-offs." Teachers try to inspire students because they know it will help drive them to learn and succeed. A child who wants to be an astronaut knows they have to stay in school, stay out of trouble, attend college, etc. Although he or she may not become an astronaut, they're like to be inspired to go to college and stake out a career in science, technology, engineering, or math.

As a member of this new generation of explorers, I'm thrilled to help NASA return to the moon and colonize it, then head to Mars -- and beyond.

Laura Meyer is a University of Maryland senior in aerospace engineering at the James A. Clark School of Engineering.