6 posts categorized "Nanotoxicology"

08/22/2012

Nanoscience Explained: Gotta-See Video

Gotta-see-videos

Nanoscience is small science with huge possibility. "Nano-" is a prefix that means "a billionth." Basically just recognize that when we talk about nanoparticles, nanobots, nanoscience, nanotubes or nanotech, this stuff is REALLY tiny.

Nanoscience has been around a while, but people aren't necessarily aware of what research and applications are being explored. Take a quick tour of nanoscience here and learn enough to make a few declarative statements at your next cocktail party. via YouTube

Want to recommend a video? Tweet it to @Discovery_News with the hashtag #GottaSeeVideos.

Don't miss today's Must-Read News Nuggets too!

Watch Discovery Curiosity video!



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09/15/2011

Styrofoam Pulls Minerals From Waste Rock

Air-bubble-622

A new technology could make some of those mining tailings -- the waste rock -- a lot more valuable than they currently are.

Mining depends on getting the most of whatever mineral you want out of the rock it's mixed in. How valuable a deposit is depends on how easy it is to get the minerals out, and what technologies you can use to do that. Currently a lot of mining involves crushing the ore and making it into a slurry, with water as the liquid. Usually, a chemical, called a surfactant, is added to the slurry, which is then mixed with more water which gets aerated. The chemical depends on the ore and the mineral you want. If it's copper you use pine oil, for instance.

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The surfactant sticks to the particles of the mineral (say, copper) and also to the bubbles. The bubbles float up to the surface and make a frothy layer a lot like the head on a beer. Remove the froth, and you can get the mineral you want by refining it.

Robert Pelton and his team at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, created a new substance made of nanopartcles of polystyrene (similar to styrofoam). Using glass beads to simulate the kind of particles you'd see in mining, they found the polystyrene did a much better job of sticking to the beads than conventional surfactants. The difference is the recovery rate, which was close to 100 percent. The team published their results in the journal Langmuir.

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If this works for real-world mining it means that a lot more mining waste can be used. There are piles of tailings near many mines around the world, and they are left where they are because it isn't worth trying to process them for whatever they contain. Tailings piles can be an environmental hazard for years as toxic metals leach in to water. So anything that could boost recycling of that material is probably a good thing -- and has the added bonus of reducing the need for new mines.

Via American Chemical Society



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09/07/2011

World's Tiniest Motor Goes For A Spin

Nanomotor-diagram

At Tufts University a team of scientists has built what they say is the world's smallest motor -- they're submitting it to the Guinness Book of World Records -- made of a single molecule. The researchers, led by Charlie Sykes, associate professor of chemistry, found that a motor that consists of a single molecule can be powered by a beam of electrons from an electron microscope. The work marks another advance in the science of building useful nanotechnological devices.

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The team used a single molecule of butyl methyl sulfide, which contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and sulphur. The molecule attaches weakly to a piece of copper, a process called adsorbtion (as opposed to absorbtion).

The bond between the sulphur and copper acts like the axle at the center of a wheel. The other atoms radiate like arms. Whenever there is energy to excite the molecule -- such as energy from heat -- the molecule spins. But energy from heat is not the greatest source because it creates random motion. If you saw a group of these molecules on the copper surface, they would spin every which way and rapidly switch between one direction and another.

That's where a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) comes in. An STM essentially fires a beam of electrons at a surface -- that's how it can see objects down to the nanometer scale. In this case, the electrons forma current that drives the tiny molecular motor.

Making a molecule spin wasn't all that Sykes' team wanted to do, however. They also wanted to see if they could measure and control the direction of the spin. For that they had to cool the whole setup down to about five degrees above absolute zero in order to slow the spinning molecules down. The result: you can control the spins, and turn them on and off, just like a real motor.

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Sykes says there are practical applications, but that will mean designing some way to get the motors to operate at such low temperatures. And a future step will be getting many of these tiny rotors to operate together, and space them far enough so that they can still spin without interfering with each other.

Image: Sykes Laboratory/Tufts University



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02/04/2010

Spray-On Glass Coats Any Surface

Spray-bottle-278x225 Would you coat a living plant in glass to keep it free of fungus? What about coating a counter in glass to keep it sterile? It sounds highly unusual, but the German company, Nanopool, is about to market liquid glass that can be sprayed onto virtually any surface to keep it clean and bacteria-free.

The product is almost pure silicon dioxide (glass is made from silica) plus some water or ethanol, depending on its ultimate use. When applied to a surface, the coating is super thin, about 500 times thinner than a human hair, which makes it invisible and keeps it flexible and breathable. According to the Nanopool, any surface -- house, car, floor, counter, even clothing -- can be coated with the liquid glass. And the coating repels bacteria, water and dirt, and resists heat, ultraviolet light and acid. That would render cleaning products almost useless, since all you'd have to do is wipe the surface clean with a damp cloth.

Nanopool has even tested the liquid on vines to keep them free of mildew and fungus.

The company says the spray is non-toxic and that the are no added nano-particles, resins or additives -- the coatings bond due to forces that keep molecules together.

I was skeptical about this, so I called up Andrew Maynard, the chief science advisor to the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies in Washington, D.C.

"Silicon dioxide is a fairly innocuous substance," he said. And from just the initial news, "there are no warning flags that would indicate that you have an unusual health risk."

"My biggest concern is when you’re actually applying it," he said. "It will be released into the air and people are going to inhale it."

That health risk could be on par with any other product that is sprayed.

"This all comes down to making sure the manufacturer provides information that is good enough for people to use it safely," said Maynard.

According to the company's web site, the spray-on glass will be available in the U.K. starting in early 2010.

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WATCH VIDEO: Nanotech Rewards. Andrew Maynard, chief science advisor for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, talks to Jorge Ribas about the technology's risks.

Photo: iStockphoto

11/13/2009

Friday News Feedbag for November 13th, 2009

If this is your first exposure to the Friday News Feedbag...we're glad to have you in the club. Welcome to Feedbag Nation. Below you'll find an audio link to a weekly podcast where you can hear three of us Discovery News folks pitching the 6 weirdest/most interesting/didn't-make-the-big-headlines science news stories of the week.

After you listen, you can vote on which story you like the best. Personally, I like James' stories the best because I'm James.

You can also subscribe to this show on iTunes and chat with fellow Feedbaggers on Facebook. Hope you like it and feel free to let us know if you do/don't by emailing pod_cast@discovery.com. Thanks!

November 13 - Friday News Feedbag

07/13/2009

Is It Toxic? Bio-Strips Could Tell Us Now

Toxinpaper

Most planet-minded folks are used to saving electronic versions instead of printing or, better yet, using an application that makes a chainsaw sound for every print job. But Canadian researchers just developed a potentially life-saving kind of printout.

Continue reading "Is It Toxic? Bio-Strips Could Tell Us Now" »

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